Dry eyes develop from the inability to produce sufficient, normal, healthy basal tears to keep the eye moist and lubricated. During normal blinking the tears coat the external eye, protecting and lubricating the delicate tissues of the cornea and conjunctiva. When there is eye irritation or a high emotional state, the eye produces a different consistency tear in larger quantities. The aging process decreases the normal tear production. Women are more susceptible after menopause. Individuals suffering from arthritis are at greater risk of acquiring dry eyes.

Symptoms of dry eye syndrome include stinging or burning eyes, scratchiness, and mucus buildup. There is increased irritation from wind or smoke that cause excessive, watery tears to flow. Contact lens wear may be difficult. The treatment consists of using lubricating artificial tears that mimic the consistency of the normal, healthy tears.